The evolution of transportation in Ghana is a fascinating journey. From the colonial era, when roads and automobiles were primarily used by British officials, to today’s bustling highways filled with diverse vehicles, the country’s transport sector has transformed remarkably.
The first car in Ghana, then known as the Gold Coast, arrived in 1902; a steam-driven French Gardner-Serpollet vehicle intended for the colonial Governor. This marked the beginning of automobile use in the country, which, over the years, has become the dominant mode of transport.
As Ghana gained independence, the need for organized public transportation became evident. The government introduced several state-owned transport services, including the State Transport Corporation (STC) in 1965 for intercity transport, the Omnibus Service Authority (OSA) in 1969 for urban buses, the City Express Service (CES) in 1981 to link rural and urban areas, and Metro Mass Transit (MMT) in 2003 to serve major cities. These services provided structured alternatives to the private sector but faced challenges such as financial constraints and operational inefficiencies.
Before the advent of modern buses, Bone-Shaker trucks with wooden seats served as the primary means of intra-city transport. Over time, they evolved into trotros, the minibuses that remain a staple of public transport in Ghana today.
Trotros are known for their affordability, high passenger capacity, and interactive commuting experience, featuring the driver and their assistant, the ‘Mate.’
However, they also come with several challenges. They often break down unexpectedly, leaving passengers stranded. At times, you might be in a trotro when the Motor Transport and Traffic Unit (MTTU) of the Ghana Police Service stops the driver for a check, only to find violations that force you to alight and look for another car. Many of these vehicles are old, with worn-out metal edges that can cause injuries, while the cramped seating arrangements make for an uncomfortable ride.
In recent years, Ghana has made significant strides in automobile assembly. The Ghana Automotive Manufacturing Development Programme (GAMDP), launched in 2019, has attracted global brands like Volkswagen (VW), Toyota, and Nissan to set up local assembly plants. This move is expected to create jobs, promote local manufacturing, and reduce the reliance on imported vehicles.
Technology has also revolutionized Ghana’s transport system, making commuting more convenient than ever. Ride-hailing apps like Uber, Bolt, and Yango have provided an alternative to traditional taxis and tro-tros, offering convenience, safety, and flexibility. These apps allow users to book a ride from their phone anytime, anywhere, with GPS tracking and driver verification enhancing security. However, challenges such as surge pricing, commission cuts for drivers, and competition with traditional taxis and other transportation options remain. Despite this, ride-hailing services have reshaped how Ghanaians move, especially in urban areas like Accra and Kumasi.
Ghana’s transportation industry continues to evolve, not just through improved road networks and automobile manufacturing, but also through technological advancements that are changing how people access vehicles.
Today, car ownership is no longer a necessity, as digital platforms allow people to rent vehicles with just a few clicks. Companies like WopeCar make it easier for individuals to access cars for personal or business use without the long-term commitment of ownership.
Additionally, WopeCar provides a unique opportunity for car owners to rent out their vehicles, creating a more flexible and accessible transportation ecosystem. As innovation reshapes mobility, car rental services are proving to be a smart, convenient, and cost-effective alternative for modern-day commuters.
